What does the Bible say about joining the military?

The question of whether a Christian should join the military is one that has been debated throughout history, and the Bible provides principles that can guide one’s decision. While the Scriptures do not provide a direct commandment regarding military service, they do offer insights into the nature of war, peace, and the responsibilities of believers. To understand the biblical perspective on joining the military, it is essential to explore various passages and themes throughout the Bible.

The Old Testament contains numerous accounts of war and military service. The nation of Israel was often engaged in battles, and many of its leaders, such as Joshua, David, and Gideon, were military commanders. In these narratives, we see that war was sometimes sanctioned by God for the purpose of judgment, defense, or the fulfillment of His promises. For example, in Deuteronomy 20:1-4, God provides instructions to the Israelites on how to conduct themselves in battle:

"When you go out to war against your enemies and see horses and chariots and an army larger than your own, you shall not be afraid of them, for the Lord your God is with you, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. And when you draw near to the battle, the priest shall come forward and speak to the people and shall say to them, 'Hear, O Israel, today you are drawing near for battle against your enemies: let not your heart faint. Do not fear or panic or be in dread of them, for the Lord your God is he who goes with you to fight for you against your enemies, to give you the victory.'"

This passage illustrates that God’s presence and support were crucial for the Israelites in their military endeavors. The wars fought by Israel were often seen as acts of divine justice and fulfillment of God’s covenant promises. However, it is also important to note that the Old Testament prophets frequently called for peace and condemned violence and injustice. For instance, Isaiah 2:4 envisions a future where nations will no longer engage in war:

"He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide disputes for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore."

The New Testament provides a different perspective, emphasizing peace, love, and non-violence. Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace, taught His followers to love their enemies and turn the other cheek (Matthew 5:38-44). In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus said:

"You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.' But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you. You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven."

Jesus’ teachings emphasize a radical love and non-retaliation, which has led some Christians to adopt pacifism, the belief that all forms of violence, including military service, are incompatible with the teachings of Christ. The early Christian church, as recorded in the New Testament, also reflects a commitment to peace. The Apostle Paul, in Romans 12:17-21, writes:

"Repay no one evil for evil, but give thought to do what is honorable in the sight of all. If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, 'Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.' To the contrary, 'if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.' Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good."

Despite these strong teachings on peace and non-violence, the New Testament does not explicitly forbid military service. In fact, there are instances where soldiers are commended for their faith. For example, in Luke 7:1-10, Jesus praises the faith of a Roman centurion, and in Acts 10, the centurion Cornelius is described as a devout and God-fearing man who receives the Holy Spirit. These passages suggest that military service, in itself, is not inherently sinful.

Throughout Christian history, there have been varying interpretations of the Bible’s teachings on war and military service. The Just War Theory, developed by early church fathers such as Augustine and later by Thomas Aquinas, provides a framework for determining when it is morally permissible for Christians to engage in war. This theory outlines criteria such as just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, and proportionality, which must be met for a war to be considered just. According to this view, Christians may serve in the military if the war meets these ethical standards.

On the other hand, Christian pacifists, such as the Anabaptists, Quakers, and Mennonites, argue that Jesus’ teachings on non-violence and love of enemies preclude any participation in war. They believe that Christians are called to be peacemakers and to follow the example of Christ, who did not resist His persecutors but rather submitted to suffering and death.

Given these diverse perspectives, how should a Christian today approach the question of joining the military? It is crucial to seek God’s guidance through prayer, study of Scripture, and counsel from mature believers. Here are some principles to consider:

1. Examine Your Motives: Reflect on why you are considering joining the military. Is it out of a desire to serve and protect others, or are there other motivations such as personal gain or aggression? Ensure that your decision aligns with the principles of love, justice, and humility.

2. Seek Peace: Strive to be a peacemaker in all aspects of life. Jesus said, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God" (Matthew 5:9). Consider how you can promote peace and reconciliation, whether in the military or other vocations.

3. Understand the Role of Government: Recognize that the Bible acknowledges the role of government in maintaining order and justice. Romans 13:1-4 states:

"Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God's wrath on the wrongdoer."

This passage suggests that serving in the military can be seen as participating in the government’s role of maintaining justice and order.

1. Consider the Impact on Your Faith: Reflect on how military service will affect your relationship with God and your ability to live out your faith. Will it strengthen your commitment to Christ, or will it present challenges to your spiritual growth?

2. Seek Wise Counsel: Talk to trusted pastors, mentors, and fellow believers who can provide biblical wisdom and guidance. They can help you discern God’s will and offer support as you make your decision.

Ultimately, the decision to join the military is a personal one that requires careful consideration of biblical principles, prayerful discernment, and a heart committed to following Christ. Whether one chooses to serve in the military or pursue another path, the goal should always be to honor God and reflect His love and justice in all that we do.