Tithing is a practice deeply rooted in the history of the Christian faith, originating from the Old Testament and carrying significant theological implications. To understand how much one should tithe according to the Bible, it is essential to explore both the historical context and the theological principles that undergird this practice.
The concept of tithing first appears in the Old Testament. The word "tithe" literally means "tenth," and it denotes the practice of giving one-tenth of one's income or produce to God. This practice is introduced in Genesis 14:18-20, where Abram (later Abraham) gives a tenth of everything to Melchizedek, the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High. This act of giving a tenth is seen as an acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and provision.
The practice is further codified in the Mosaic Law. Leviticus 27:30-32 states, "A tithe of everything from the land, whether grain from the soil or fruit from the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord. Whoever would redeem any of their tithe must add a fifth of the value to it. Every tithe of the herd and flock—every tenth animal that passes under the shepherd’s rod—will be holy to the Lord." Here, the tithe is presented as a mandatory practice for the Israelites, a way to honor God with the firstfruits of their labor.
In the book of Numbers, the tithe is designated for the Levites, who were the priestly tribe of Israel. Numbers 18:21-24 explains that the Levites are to receive the tithes in return for their service in the Tent of Meeting, as they have no inheritance of land. This provision ensured that those who were dedicated to religious service were supported by the community.
Deuteronomy 14:22-29 offers additional insights into the purpose and use of the tithe. It describes a tithe that is to be consumed in a communal meal in the presence of the Lord and another tithe every three years that is to be stored up for the Levites, foreigners, orphans, and widows. These instructions highlight the social and communal dimensions of tithing, emphasizing care for the marginalized and the importance of community worship.
As we transition to the New Testament, the explicit command to tithe is not reiterated. However, the principles of generosity and stewardship remain central. Jesus addresses the practice of tithing in Matthew 23:23 and Luke 11:42, where He criticizes the Pharisees for their meticulous tithing while neglecting "the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy, and faithfulness." Jesus does not abolish tithing but places it within the broader context of a righteous and compassionate life.
The Apostle Paul, in his letters, emphasizes the principles of generous and cheerful giving. In 2 Corinthians 9:6-7, Paul writes, "Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously. Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver." This passage shifts the focus from a fixed percentage to the attitude and intentionality behind the giving.
While the New Testament does not mandate a specific percentage, the principle of proportional giving can be seen as a continuation of the tithe. The early church, as described in Acts 2:44-45 and Acts 4:32-35, practiced radical generosity, sharing their possessions and ensuring that no one among them was in need. This communal sharing reflects the heart of the tithe—acknowledging God's provision and caring for the community.
In light of these biblical teachings, how much should one tithe according to the Bible? While the Old Testament prescribes a tithe of 10%, the New Testament invites believers to embrace the principles of generosity, proportional giving, and cheerful stewardship. For many Christians, the tithe of 10% remains a helpful guideline, a starting point for their giving. It serves as a tangible way to honor God and support the work of the church and those in need.
However, it is essential to recognize that the spirit of the tithe is not about legalistic adherence to a percentage but about cultivating a heart of gratitude and generosity. For some, giving 10% may be a significant sacrifice, while for others, it may be just the beginning of their giving. The key is to give in a way that reflects one's trust in God's provision and commitment to His kingdom.
In addition to financial giving, Christians are also called to offer their time, talents, and resources in service to God and others. Romans 12:1-2 urges believers to present their bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God, which is their true and proper worship. This holistic approach to stewardship encompasses all aspects of life, recognizing that everything we have is a gift from God.
Christian literature also offers valuable insights into the practice of tithing and generosity. Randy Alcorn, in his book "The Treasure Principle," encourages believers to store up treasures in heaven by investing in God's kingdom. He writes, "You can't take it with you—but you can send it on ahead." Alcorn emphasizes the eternal impact of generous giving and challenges Christians to view their resources through the lens of eternity.
Similarly, C.S. Lewis, in "Mere Christianity," addresses the topic of Christian giving. He states, "I do not believe one can settle how much we ought to give. I am afraid the only safe rule is to give more than we can spare." Lewis's perspective echoes the biblical call to sacrificial and abundant generosity, urging believers to stretch beyond their comfort zones in their giving.
In conclusion, while the Bible introduces the concept of a 10% tithe, the overarching biblical principles of generosity, proportional giving, and cheerful stewardship guide Christian giving. The tithe serves as a helpful benchmark, but the heart of the matter lies in cultivating a spirit of gratitude and trust in God's provision. Christians are called to give generously, not out of compulsion, but as an act of worship and a reflection of God's abundant grace. As each believer seeks God's guidance and responds to His leading, their giving will become a joyful expression of their faith and commitment to His kingdom.
