What does the Bible mean by 'contentions'?

Contentions, as mentioned in the Bible, refer to disputes, disagreements, or conflicts that arise among individuals or groups. The Bible addresses the issue of contentions extensively, providing guidance on both the nature of such conflicts and the means by which they can be resolved. Understanding the biblical perspective on contentions is crucial for Christians striving to live in harmony with others, whether in their personal relationships or professional environments.

The term "contentions" is derived from the Greek word "eris," which means strife or quarrels. In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word "madon" is often used to describe similar concepts. These terms encompass a range of conflicts, from minor disagreements to heated arguments and even violent disputes.

One of the key passages that addresses contentions is found in the Book of Proverbs. Proverbs 17:14 states, "The beginning of strife is like letting out water, so quit before the quarrel breaks out." This verse highlights the importance of addressing conflicts early before they escalate into more significant issues. It suggests that contentions, like a small leak, can quickly grow into a flood if not managed promptly and wisely.

The Apostle Paul also speaks about contentions in his letters to the early Christian communities. In 1 Corinthians 1:10-11, Paul writes, "I appeal to you, brothers, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same judgment. For it has been reported to me by Chloe's people that there is quarreling among you, my brothers." Here, Paul emphasizes the need for unity and the avoidance of divisions within the church. He urges the believers to seek common ground and to resolve their disputes in a manner that reflects their shared faith in Christ.

James, the brother of Jesus, provides further insight into the nature of contentions and their root causes. In James 4:1-2, he writes, "What causes quarrels and what causes fights among you? Is it not this, that your passions are at war within you? You desire and do not have, so you murder. You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and quarrel. You do not have, because you do not ask." James identifies the internal desires and unmet needs as the sources of external conflicts. This perspective encourages believers to examine their own hearts and motivations when dealing with disputes.

The Bible also offers practical advice on how to handle contentions in a way that honors God and promotes peace. Jesus himself provides a model for conflict resolution in Matthew 18:15-17. He instructs, "If your brother sins against you, go and tell him his fault, between you and him alone. If he listens to you, you have gained your brother. But if he does not listen, take one or two others along with you, that every charge may be established by the evidence of two or three witnesses. If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector." This passage outlines a step-by-step process for resolving conflicts within the Christian community, emphasizing direct communication, involvement of impartial witnesses, and, if necessary, the broader church body.

In addition to these specific instructions, the Bible encourages believers to cultivate attitudes and behaviors that prevent contentions from arising in the first place. Ephesians 4:2-3 advises, "With all humility and gentleness, with patience, bearing with one another in love, eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace." These virtues—humility, gentleness, patience, and love—are essential for fostering harmonious relationships and mitigating potential conflicts.

The writings of Christian theologians and scholars further illuminate the biblical approach to contentions. For instance, Augustine of Hippo, in his work "The Confessions," reflects on the importance of humility and self-examination in overcoming disputes. He writes, "But in my unloveliness I plunged into those lovely created things which you made. You were with me, but I was not with you. Those things kept me far from you, even though they were not at all unless they were in you" (Book X, Chapter 27). Augustine's introspection underscores the need for believers to recognize their own faults and seek reconciliation with God and others.

Thomas à Kempis, in "The Imitation of Christ," also addresses the issue of contentions. He advises, "Endeavor to be patient in bearing with the defects and infirmities of others, of whatever kind they may be; for you also have many failings which must be borne with by others" (Book I, Chapter 16). This counsel reminds Christians of the importance of patience and empathy in resolving conflicts.

In the context of professional and personal development, the biblical principles of conflict resolution are highly relevant. In the workplace, contentions can arise from differences in opinions, competition, or misunderstandings. Applying biblical teachings can help create a more collaborative and respectful environment. For example, practicing humility and active listening can lead to better communication and understanding among colleagues. Addressing issues directly and privately, as Jesus instructed, can prevent gossip and further discord.

In personal relationships, whether with family, friends, or within the church community, the same principles apply. Being quick to forgive, slow to anger, and willing to seek reconciliation are key to maintaining healthy and loving relationships. Colossians 3:13 encourages believers to "bear with each other and forgive one another if any of you has a grievance against someone. Forgive as the Lord forgave you." This call to forgiveness is central to the Christian faith and is essential in resolving contentions.

Moreover, the Bible's emphasis on love as the highest virtue provides a foundation for resolving conflicts. In 1 Corinthians 13:4-7, Paul describes the nature of love: "Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres." This passage serves as a guide for how Christians should approach conflicts—with a heart of love that seeks the best for others and strives for peace.

In conclusion, the Bible's teachings on contentions provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and resolving conflicts. By examining the root causes of disputes, following biblical guidelines for resolution, and cultivating virtues such as humility, patience, and love, Christians can navigate conflicts in a way that reflects their faith and promotes harmony. Whether in personal relationships or professional settings, these principles are timeless and universally applicable, offering a path to peace and reconciliation.