How does the Bible define humility?

Humility is a cornerstone of Christian ethics, deeply woven into the fabric of biblical teachings. It is a virtue that is not only encouraged but also exemplified by Jesus Christ Himself. Understanding humility from a biblical perspective requires us to delve into both the Old and New Testaments, exploring the narratives, teachings, and commands that illuminate this vital trait.

The Bible defines humility as a recognition of our own limitations and a deep sense of our need for God. It is an attitude that acknowledges the greatness of God and the smallness of ourselves in comparison. This is not to say that humility involves self-deprecation or a lack of self-worth; rather, it is a realistic assessment of who we are in relation to the divine.

One of the most profound illustrations of humility in the Old Testament is found in the life of Moses. Numbers 12:3 states, "Now Moses was a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth." This is significant because Moses, despite his close relationship with God and his role as the leader of the Israelites, consistently demonstrated an awareness of his own limitations and a reliance on God's power and guidance. When faced with the daunting task of leading the Israelites out of Egypt, Moses repeatedly expressed his inadequacies and sought God's help (Exodus 3:11, 4:10).

In the New Testament, Jesus Christ is the ultimate example of humility. Philippians 2:5-8 provides a powerful description of Christ's humility: "In your relationships with one another, have the same mindset as Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage; rather, he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to death— even death on a cross!" Jesus, though fully divine, chose to humble Himself by becoming human and submitting to the most humiliating and painful form of death. This act of humility was not just an example for us to follow but also a means of our salvation.

The teachings of Jesus further emphasize the importance of humility. In the Beatitudes, Jesus begins by saying, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven" (Matthew 5:3). Being "poor in spirit" refers to a recognition of our spiritual poverty and our need for God's grace. Similarly, in Matthew 18:4, Jesus says, "Therefore, whoever takes the lowly position of this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven." Here, Jesus highlights the importance of adopting a child-like humility, characterized by trust, dependence, and an absence of arrogance.

Humility is also a theme in the epistles. James 4:6-10 provides a clear directive: "But he gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says: 'God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.' Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Come near to God and he will come near to you. Wash your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded. Grieve, mourn and wail. Change your laughter to mourning and your joy to gloom. Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up." This passage underscores the idea that humility involves submission to God, a recognition of our sinfulness, and a sincere repentance.

The Apostle Peter also emphasizes humility in his first epistle. In 1 Peter 5:5-6, he writes, "In the same way, you who are younger, submit yourselves to your elders. All of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, 'God opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble.' Humble yourselves, therefore, under God's mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time." Here, Peter connects humility with submission to authority and mutual respect within the Christian community.

Christian literature throughout the ages has also reflected on the virtue of humility. One of the most influential works is "The Imitation of Christ" by Thomas à Kempis. In this classic, à Kempis writes, "Do not be ashamed to serve others for the love of Jesus Christ and to be seen as poor in this world." This echoes the biblical teaching that true humility involves serving others and not seeking recognition or status.

Moreover, C.S. Lewis, in his book "Mere Christianity," provides a modern perspective on humility. He writes, "True humility is not thinking less of yourself; it is thinking of yourself less." This succinctly captures the essence of biblical humility, which is not about self-denigration but about focusing less on oneself and more on God and others.

In practical terms, humility manifests in various ways in a Christian's life. It involves a willingness to serve others, as Jesus did when He washed the disciples' feet (John 13:1-17). It means being teachable and open to correction, recognizing that we do not have all the answers. It requires us to forgive others, understanding that we too are in need of forgiveness. Humility also involves gratitude, acknowledging that all we have is a gift from God.

Furthermore, humility is essential in our relationship with God. It is the foundation of faith, as it requires us to admit our need for God's grace and to trust in His provision. It is also the basis of prayer, as we come before God with our requests and confessions, recognizing His sovereignty and our dependence on Him.

In summary, the Bible defines humility as a recognition of our own limitations and a deep sense of our need for God. It is an attitude of submission, service, and gratitude. It is exemplified in the lives of biblical figures like Moses and, most perfectly, in the life of Jesus Christ. Humility is not just a personal virtue but a communal one, fostering mutual respect and service within the Christian community. It is a foundational aspect of our relationship with God, enabling us to receive His grace and to live in accordance with His will.