Under what circumstances can divorce and remarriage be considered permissible in Christianity?

Divorce and remarriage are topics that evoke deep emotions and diverse opinions within the Christian community. These subjects touch on the core values of marriage, fidelity, family, and personal happiness. As a non-denominational Christian pastor, it is crucial to approach these issues with a compassionate, biblical, and thoughtful perspective.

Understanding the Biblical Perspective on Marriage

To address the question of when divorce and remarriage might be permissible, we must first understand the biblical view of marriage. According to Scripture, marriage is a sacred covenant designed by God. It is intended to be a lifelong union between a man and a woman, reflecting the relationship between Christ and the Church (Ephesians 5:25-32). Jesus emphasized the sanctity and permanence of marriage in Matthew 19:6, "So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate."

Grounds for Divorce in the Bible

The Bible does address circumstances under which divorce may be considered permissible, albeit always as a last resort. The primary scriptural allowances for divorce are found in cases of marital unfaithfulness and abandonment.

1. Marital Unfaithfulness: In Matthew 19:9, Jesus says, "I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery." The term "sexual immorality" (Greek: porneia) includes a range of sexual sins. This exception clause suggests that divorce can be permissible in the face of adultery, acknowledging the deep betrayal and broken trust that it causes.

2. Abandonment by an Unbelieving Spouse: In 1 Corinthians 7:15, Paul addresses a situation unique to the early Christian community, where one spouse might not share the Christian faith: "But if the unbeliever leaves, let it be so. The brother or the sister is not bound in such circumstances; God has called us to live in peace." This passage indicates that abandonment by an unbelieving spouse can also be a legitimate ground for divorce.

Considerations Beyond Explicit Biblical Exceptions

While the Bible provides specific instances where divorce might be permissible, it is also essential to consider broader ethical and moral principles when dealing with issues not explicitly covered in Scripture.

• Abuse: Physical, emotional, or psychological abuse in a marriage represents a profound violation of the covenantal nature of marriage. While the Bible does not explicitly mention abuse as a ground for divorce, many Christian ethicists and pastors believe that it is within the spirit of Scripture to prioritize the safety and well-being of individuals. In such cases, separation and possibly civil divorce can be necessary to protect the abused and any children involved.

• Reconciliation and Forgiveness: Christianity places a strong emphasis on forgiveness and reconciliation. Whenever possible, these should be pursued. Counseling, pastoral intervention, and other supports should be sought to repair and restore a marriage if it is safe and viable to do so.

The Question of Remarriage

Once a divorce has occurred under circumstances deemed permissible by Scripture, the question of remarriage arises. The Bible provides guidance but also calls for careful consideration and spiritual discernment.

• Remarriage After Divorce Due to Adultery or Abandonment: If a divorce has been pursued on biblical grounds, remarriage is generally considered permissible. However, it is crucial for individuals to reflect deeply and seek pastoral counsel to ensure that the issues leading to the previous divorce have been adequately addressed and that they are entering a new marriage with a clear understanding and commitment.

• Remarriage and Redemption: Christianity is fundamentally about redemption. This belief in new beginnings extends to the lives of those who have experienced the pain of divorce. In 2 Corinthians 5:17, Paul writes, "Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!" This verse reassures us that all individuals, including those who have been divorced, are capable of starting anew in God's grace.

Pastoral Advice

As a pastor, it is my duty to walk alongside those navigating the painful realities of divorce and the hopeful possibilities of remarriage. It is essential to approach each situation with grace, understanding that each person's story is unique. Pastoral care should focus on healing, guidance, and the wise application of biblical principles to individual circumstances.

In Conclusion

In addressing the question of divorce and remarriage, it is clear that while God’s design for marriage is for it to be a lifelong commitment, there are circumstances under which divorce and subsequent remarriage can be considered permissible. These include situations of unfaithfulness, abandonment, and other severe cases where the marital covenant has been fundamentally violated. In all cases, the church's role is to provide support, wisdom, and compassion in helping individuals navigate these complex and often painful paths.