What is the biblical definition of lust?

The concept of lust, as defined in the Bible, is a profound and multifaceted issue that touches upon the very core of human desires and moral integrity. Lust, from a biblical perspective, is not merely a fleeting thought or a momentary attraction; it is a deeply ingrained inclination that can lead to spiritual and moral decay if left unchecked. Understanding lust within the context of the Bible requires a thorough examination of Scripture, along with insights from Christian theology and ethics.

Lust is often described in the Bible as an intense and uncontrolled desire, usually of a sexual nature. However, it can also extend to other forms of covetousness and greed. The Greek word most commonly translated as "lust" in the New Testament is "epithumia," which denotes a strong desire or longing. This term can be used in both positive and negative contexts, but when it comes to sexual immorality, it carries a negative connotation.

One of the clearest teachings on lust comes from Jesus Himself in the Sermon on the Mount. In Matthew 5:27-28, Jesus says, "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall not commit adultery.' But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart." Here, Jesus expands the understanding of adultery beyond the physical act to include the internal, mental state of a person. Lust, therefore, is not just an external action but an internal condition of the heart and mind.

The Apostle Paul also addresses the issue of lust in several of his epistles. In 1 Thessalonians 4:3-5, Paul writes, "It is God's will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality; that each of you should learn to control your own body in a way that is holy and honorable, not in passionate lust like the pagans, who do not know God." Paul emphasizes the need for self-control and contrasts the behavior of believers with that of those who do not know God, highlighting that lust is incompatible with a life of holiness.

James, the brother of Jesus, provides further insight into the nature of lust and its consequences. In James 1:14-15, he explains, "But each person is tempted when they are dragged away by their own evil desire and enticed. Then, after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death." James outlines a progression from desire to temptation, to sin, and ultimately to spiritual death. This sequence underscores the seriousness of unchecked lust and its potential to lead one away from God.

The biblical definition of lust, therefore, is an inordinate and selfish desire that seeks to use others for personal gratification. It is a desire that prioritizes one's own pleasure over the well-being and dignity of others. This definition is rooted in the understanding that human beings are created in the image of God (Genesis 1:27) and are called to love one another selflessly (John 13:34-35). Lust, by contrast, objectifies and dehumanizes others, reducing them to mere instruments for personal satisfaction.

Christian literature and theology have long grappled with the issue of lust and its implications for moral and spiritual life. Augustine of Hippo, one of the early Church Fathers, wrote extensively on the nature of human desire and the need for divine grace to overcome sinful inclinations. In his "Confessions," Augustine reflects on his own struggles with lust and the transformative power of God's love and grace. He famously prayed, "Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet," highlighting the inner conflict between his desires and his longing for holiness.

Thomas Aquinas, another influential theologian, also addressed the issue of lust in his "Summa Theologica." Aquinas categorized lust as one of the seven deadly sins and emphasized the importance of virtue and self-discipline in overcoming sinful desires. He argued that lust distorts human reason and leads individuals away from their ultimate purpose, which is to know and love God.

In contemporary Christian thought, C.S. Lewis offers valuable insights into the nature of lust and its impact on human relationships. In "The Screwtape Letters," Lewis explores the subtleties of temptation and the ways in which lust can corrupt the human soul. He warns against the dangers of allowing lustful thoughts to take root in the mind, as they can gradually erode one's spiritual and moral integrity.

To combat lust, the Bible offers several practical and spiritual strategies. First and foremost is the cultivation of a close relationship with God through prayer, worship, and the study of Scripture. Psalm 119:9-11 says, "How can a young person stay on the path of purity? By living according to your word. I seek you with all my heart; do not let me stray from your commands. I have hidden your word in my heart that I might not sin against you." Immersing oneself in God's Word helps to align one's desires with His will and provides a foundation for resisting temptation.

Additionally, the practice of self-control and accountability is crucial in overcoming lust. Galatians 5:22-23 lists self-control as one of the fruits of the Spirit, indicating that it is a virtue that can be developed through the work of the Holy Spirit in one's life. Seeking accountability through trusted relationships within the Christian community can also provide support and encouragement in the struggle against lust.

Finally, the Bible encourages believers to focus on what is pure and honorable. Philippians 4:8 advises, "Finally, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think about such things." By directing one's thoughts toward what is good and virtuous, it becomes easier to resist the pull of lustful desires.

In summary, the biblical definition of lust encompasses more than just sexual desire; it is an excessive and selfish longing that can lead to sin and spiritual death. Rooted in the teachings of Jesus and the apostles, this understanding calls for a transformation of the heart and mind through the power of God's grace and the cultivation of virtues such as self-control and purity. By seeking a deeper relationship with God and aligning one's desires with His will, believers can overcome the destructive power of lust and live lives that honor Him.