How did Lazarus die and what happened after his resurrection by Jesus?

The story of Lazarus is one of the most profound narratives in the New Testament, encapsulating themes of faith, the power of Jesus, and the promise of eternal life. It is recounted in the Gospel of John, specifically in John 11:1-44, and it stands out as one of the most significant miracles performed by Jesus during His earthly ministry. The raising of Lazarus from the dead not only demonstrated Jesus' divine authority over life and death but also foreshadowed His own resurrection, offering a glimpse into the transformative power of belief in Christ.

Lazarus was a resident of Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, and he was the brother of Mary and Martha. The three siblings were close friends of Jesus, and their home was a place where Jesus often found hospitality. At the beginning of the account, we learn that Lazarus had fallen seriously ill. His sisters, Mary and Martha, sent word to Jesus, saying, "Lord, the one you love is sick" (John 11:3, NIV). This message conveys not only the gravity of Lazarus's condition but also the deep bond of affection between Jesus and Lazarus.

Despite receiving the urgent message, Jesus did not immediately rush to Bethany. Instead, He remained where He was for two more days. This delay might seem perplexing at first, especially given the urgency of the situation. However, Jesus explained to His disciples that "this sickness will not end in death. No, it is for God's glory so that God's Son may be glorified through it" (John 11:4, NIV). Jesus' response indicates that He had a divine purpose in allowing Lazarus to die, one that would ultimately reveal His glory and strengthen the faith of those who witnessed the miracle.

After two days, Jesus announced His intention to return to Judea, despite the disciples' concerns about the hostility He might face there. Jesus informed them that Lazarus had "fallen asleep" and that He was going to "wake him up" (John 11:11, NIV). The disciples misunderstood, thinking that Lazarus was merely resting, but Jesus clarified, saying plainly, "Lazarus is dead" (John 11:14, NIV). This moment underscores Jesus' awareness of Lazarus's condition and His deliberate intention to perform a miracle that would reveal His power over death.

When Jesus finally arrived in Bethany, Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days. This detail is significant, as Jewish belief at the time held that the soul remained near the body for three days, after which it departed. By arriving on the fourth day, Jesus ensured that there could be no doubt about the finality of Lazarus's death, setting the stage for an undeniable miracle.

Martha, upon hearing that Jesus was coming, went out to meet Him. In her conversation with Jesus, she expressed both faith and grief, saying, "Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died. But I know that even now God will give you whatever you ask" (John 11:21-22, NIV). Jesus responded with a profound declaration, "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die" (John 11:25-26, NIV). This statement encapsulates the core Christian belief in Jesus as the source of eternal life and highlights the transformative power of faith in Him.

Martha's faith is further demonstrated when she affirms her belief that Jesus is "the Messiah, the Son of God, who is to come into the world" (John 11:27, NIV). This confession of faith sets the stage for the miracle that follows. Mary, too, expresses her sorrow when she meets Jesus, echoing Martha's sentiment that Lazarus would not have died if Jesus had been present.

As Jesus approached the tomb, He was deeply moved and wept, showing His compassion and empathy for the suffering of His friends. This moment, captured in the shortest verse of the Bible, "Jesus wept" (John 11:35, NIV), reveals the depth of His humanity and His willingness to share in the grief of those He loves.

Standing before the tomb, Jesus commanded that the stone be removed. Martha, ever practical, reminded Him that there would be a bad odor, for Lazarus had been dead for four days. Jesus gently reminded her of His earlier promise, "Did I not tell you that if you believe, you will see the glory of God?" (John 11:40, NIV). This exchange emphasizes the necessity of faith in witnessing the miraculous works of God.

After the stone was removed, Jesus prayed, thanking God for hearing Him and expressing His desire that those present would believe that God had sent Him. Then, with a loud voice, He called out, "Lazarus, come out!" (John 11:43, NIV). At Jesus' command, Lazarus emerged from the tomb, still wrapped in his grave clothes, a living testament to the power of Christ over death.

The resurrection of Lazarus had a profound impact on those who witnessed it. Many of the Jews who had come to mourn with Mary and Martha believed in Jesus as a result of this miracle. However, it also intensified the opposition from the religious leaders, who saw Jesus as a threat to their authority. The raising of Lazarus thus became a pivotal event that accelerated the plot to arrest and crucify Jesus.

Theologically, the miracle of Lazarus serves as a powerful illustration of Jesus' identity as the Son of God and the source of life. It foreshadows His own resurrection, offering a glimpse of the hope and promise of eternal life for all who believe in Him. The narrative invites readers to reflect on the nature of faith, the reality of suffering and death, and the transformative power of Christ's love and authority.

In Christian literature, the story of Lazarus has been explored and interpreted in various ways. Augustine of Hippo, in his writings, saw Lazarus's resurrection as a symbol of the spiritual awakening that occurs when individuals are brought to faith in Christ. Similarly, contemporary theologians often view the narrative as a testament to the hope and assurance that believers can have in the face of death, grounded in the promise of resurrection and eternal life through Jesus.

Ultimately, the account of Lazarus's death and resurrection challenges believers to trust in Jesus' power and to embrace the hope that comes from a relationship with Him. It calls us to live with the assurance that, through Christ, death is not the end but a passage into eternal life. The story of Lazarus is a timeless reminder of the profound truth that Jesus is indeed the resurrection and the life, and that through Him, we are offered the promise of life everlasting.