What does Matthew 5:9 mean?

Matthew 5:9, found within the Sermon on the Mount, states: "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God" (ESV). This verse is part of the Beatitudes, a series of teachings by Jesus that describe the attitudes and characteristics of those who are part of the Kingdom of Heaven. To fully understand the depth and implications of Matthew 5:9, it is essential to explore the context, the meaning of "peacemakers," and the promise that they "shall be called sons of God."

The context of Matthew 5:9 is crucial. The Sermon on the Mount, recorded in Matthew chapters 5 through 7, is one of Jesus' most famous discourses. Delivered early in His ministry, it outlines the ethical and moral principles of the Kingdom of Heaven. The Beatitudes, in particular, describe the blessedness of those who embody the values of the Kingdom. These teachings turn worldly values upside down, highlighting humility, mercy, purity, and peace as marks of true discipleship.

The term "peacemakers" in Matthew 5:9 is rich with meaning. It is important to note that Jesus does not merely commend those who live in peace or avoid conflict, but those who actively work to create peace. The Greek word translated as "peacemakers" is "eirēnopoioi," which implies an active engagement in reconciling relationships and resolving conflicts. This concept goes beyond passive acceptance and calls for proactive efforts to foster harmony and understanding.

Peacemaking, in the biblical sense, is deeply rooted in the character of God. Throughout Scripture, God is portrayed as a God of peace. In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word "shalom" encompasses not just the absence of conflict, but a holistic sense of well-being, completeness, and harmony. Isaiah 9:6 refers to the coming Messiah as the "Prince of Peace," and in the New Testament, Jesus is described as the one who brings peace through His sacrificial death and resurrection (Ephesians 2:14-18). Therefore, to be a peacemaker is to reflect the very nature of God.

The promise attached to being a peacemaker is profound: "for they shall be called sons of God." This phrase signifies a special relationship with God, marked by intimacy and identity. In biblical times, to be called a "son" of someone often meant to share in that person's character and mission. Thus, peacemakers are recognized as true children of God because they mirror His peacemaking nature. This divine recognition is not merely an honorary title but an affirmation of their participation in God's redemptive work in the world.

Peacemaking, however, is not without its challenges. It requires courage, humility, and a willingness to engage in difficult and sometimes painful conversations. It often involves stepping into the midst of conflict, misunderstanding, and hostility to bring about reconciliation. The Apostle Paul echoes this sentiment in Romans 12:18, urging believers, "If possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all." This exhortation acknowledges the complexity of peacemaking, recognizing that while we may strive for peace, it is not always within our control to achieve it.

Moreover, peacemaking is not about compromising truth or justice for the sake of harmony. Jesus Himself, the ultimate peacemaker, did not shy away from confronting sin and injustice. True peace is founded on righteousness and truth. James 3:17-18 emphasizes this by stating, "But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial and sincere. And a harvest of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace." Therefore, peacemakers must balance the pursuit of peace with a commitment to truth and justice.

In practical terms, being a peacemaker involves several key aspects. First, it requires a heart transformed by the Gospel. Only those who have experienced the peace of Christ can extend it to others. This inner transformation is the foundation for all peacemaking efforts. Second, it involves active listening and empathy. Understanding the perspectives and experiences of others is crucial in resolving conflicts and building bridges. Third, it entails forgiveness and reconciliation. Jesus' teaching in Matthew 18:21-22 about forgiving "seventy times seven" underscores the importance of forgiveness in the peacemaking process. Lastly, peacemaking often requires mediation and negotiation skills. Peacemakers must be adept at finding common ground and facilitating constructive dialogue.

The implications of Matthew 5:9 extend beyond personal relationships to broader societal and global contexts. Peacemakers are called to address systemic injustices, advocate for the marginalized, and work towards societal reconciliation. This may involve engaging in social justice initiatives, promoting interfaith dialogue, and participating in peacebuilding efforts in conflict zones. The call to be peacemakers is a call to be agents of God's Kingdom in a broken and divided world.

In Christian literature, the theme of peacemaking is extensively explored. For instance, Dietrich Bonhoeffer in his book "The Cost of Discipleship" emphasizes that true discipleship involves a commitment to peace, even at great personal cost. He writes, "The followers of Jesus have been called to peace. When he called them, they found their peace, for he is their peace. But now they are told that they must not only have peace but make it." This call to peacemaking, according to Bonhoeffer, is integral to the Christian life and witness.

Similarly, Thomas Merton in "New Seeds of Contemplation" reflects on the inner peace that must precede external peacemaking. He asserts, "We are not at peace with others because we are not at peace with ourselves, and we are not at peace with ourselves because we are not at peace with God." Merton's insight highlights the interconnectedness of inner and outer peace, emphasizing that true peacemaking flows from a deep and abiding relationship with God.

In conclusion, Matthew 5:9 calls believers to a high and holy calling: to be peacemakers. This involves actively working to create peace, reflecting the character of God, and participating in His redemptive mission. It requires courage, humility, and a commitment to truth and justice. The promise that peacemakers "shall be called sons of God" affirms their identity and participation in the divine work of reconciliation. As followers of Christ, we are called to embody and extend the peace of God in our relationships, communities, and the world.