How does Romans 8:15 define our relationship with God?

Romans 8:15 is a profound verse that speaks to the heart of our relationship with God, encapsulating the essence of what it means to be a child of God. The Apostle Paul writes, "For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, 'Abba, Father'" (Romans 8:15, NKJV). This verse is rich with theological significance and offers deep insight into the transformative nature of our relationship with God through Christ.

To fully understand the depth of Romans 8:15, it is essential to consider the context in which Paul is writing. The book of Romans is a comprehensive exposition of the gospel, addressing both Jews and Gentiles, and explaining the righteousness that comes from God. In Romans 8, Paul transitions into discussing the life in the Spirit, contrasting it with life in the flesh. He emphasizes the new identity and freedom believers have in Christ, culminating in the declaration of our adoption as God's children.

The term "spirit of bondage" refers to the condition of humanity under the law and sin. Prior to Christ, humanity was enslaved to sin, living in fear of judgment and separation from God. This bondage is characterized by a sense of estrangement and alienation from God, where fear dominates the relationship. Paul contrasts this with the "Spirit of adoption," which signifies a radical shift in our standing before God.

The concept of adoption is central to understanding our relationship with God as depicted in this verse. In the Roman culture of Paul's time, adoption was a legal act that conferred upon the adopted child all the rights and privileges of a biological child. It was a deliberate and intentional act, often motivated by the desire to continue the family lineage. By using the term "adoption," Paul emphasizes that our relationship with God is not based on natural descent or human effort, but on God's sovereign choice and grace.

The "Spirit of adoption" is the Holy Spirit, who indwells believers and testifies to their new status as children of God. This Spirit enables us to cry out, "Abba, Father." The term "Abba" is an Aramaic word that conveys intimacy and affection, akin to the English term "Daddy." It is a term used by children to address their fathers in a familiar and loving manner. By using both "Abba" and "Father," Paul highlights the intimate and personal nature of our relationship with God. It is not a distant, formal relationship, but one characterized by closeness and affection.

This cry of "Abba, Father" is significant in several ways. Firstly, it reflects the deep emotional connection and trust that believers have with God. It is a cry of dependence and reliance, acknowledging God as the source of our security and identity. Secondly, it signifies a profound transformation in our relationship with God. No longer are we slaves living in fear, but we are children who have been brought into a loving and secure relationship with our Heavenly Father.

The implications of this adoption are far-reaching. As children of God, we are heirs of His promises and co-heirs with Christ. Paul elaborates on this in Romans 8:16-17, stating, "The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs—heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him, that we may also be glorified together." Our adoption into God's family means that we share in the inheritance of Christ, which includes eternal life, righteousness, and the fullness of God's blessings.

Furthermore, this adoption brings about a transformation in our identity and behavior. As children of God, we are called to live in a manner that reflects our new status. Paul exhorts believers to put to death the deeds of the flesh and to live according to the Spirit (Romans 8:13-14). The Holy Spirit empowers us to live a life that is pleasing to God, producing the fruit of the Spirit in our lives (Galatians 5:22-23).

The assurance of our adoption also provides comfort and hope in the midst of suffering. Paul acknowledges that believers will face trials and tribulations, but he encourages them to view their sufferings in light of their future glory. In Romans 8:18, he writes, "For I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us." Our adoption as God's children assures us that our present sufferings are temporary and that we have a glorious future awaiting us.

In addition to the biblical text, Christian literature has also expounded on the significance of our adoption. J.I. Packer, in his classic work "Knowing God," describes adoption as the highest privilege that the gospel offers. He writes, "Adoption is the highest privilege that the gospel offers: higher even than justification... To be right with God the Judge is a great thing, but to be loved and cared for by God the Father is greater." Packer's words capture the profound truth that adoption is not merely a legal standing, but a relational reality that brings us into the very heart of God's love.

Moreover, theologian John Stott, in his commentary on Romans, emphasizes the transformative nature of our adoption. He writes, "Adoption is a concept that is full of the warmth and love of God. It is the highest expression of his grace and the most intimate relationship we can have with him." Stott's insight underscores the relational and affectionate aspects of our adoption, highlighting the depth of God's love for us.

In summary, Romans 8:15 defines our relationship with God as one of adoption, characterized by intimacy, affection, and security. Through the Spirit of adoption, we are brought into a loving and personal relationship with God, where we can confidently cry out, "Abba, Father." This adoption transforms our identity, assures us of our inheritance, and provides comfort and hope in the midst of suffering. It is a profound truth that encapsulates the heart of the gospel and invites us to experience the fullness of God's love as His beloved children.