What does Romans 16:17-18 teach about avoiding those who cause divisions?

Romans 16:17-18 is a significant passage where the Apostle Paul addresses the issue of division within the Christian community. This passage reads:

"I urge you, brothers and sisters, to watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Keep away from them. For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people" (Romans 16:17-18, NIV).

Paul's admonition here is both stern and pastoral, reflecting his deep concern for the unity and purity of the church. The early Christian communities were often vulnerable to internal strife and external pressures, and Paul recognized the destructive potential of those who sow discord. His counsel in these verses provides timeless wisdom for maintaining unity and doctrinal integrity within the body of Christ.

First, Paul begins with an urgent appeal: "I urge you, brothers and sisters, to watch out for those who cause divisions." The Greek word used here for "watch out" is "skopeo," which means to look at, observe, or keep an eye on. This implies a vigilant and discerning attitude. Paul is not merely suggesting a passive awareness but an active, watchful stance against potential threats to unity.

The term "divisions" (Greek: "dichostasias") refers to separations or schisms within the church. These divisions can arise from various sources, including doctrinal disagreements, personal conflicts, or the influence of false teachers. Paul identifies these individuals as those who "put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you have learned." Here, "obstacles" (Greek: "skandala") can be understood as stumbling blocks or traps that hinder spiritual growth and unity.

The "teaching you have learned" refers to the apostolic doctrine that the Roman Christians had received. This body of teaching is grounded in the gospel of Jesus Christ and the ethical instructions that flow from it. Paul emphasizes the importance of adhering to this sound teaching and warns against those who deviate from it. This echoes his earlier exhortation in Romans 12:2, where he urges believers to be transformed by the renewing of their minds so that they may discern God's will.

Paul's directive to "keep away from them" is a call for separation from those who cause divisions and promote false teachings. This separation is not about shunning or ostracizing individuals out of spite but about protecting the integrity of the faith community. It is a pastoral measure aimed at preserving the spiritual health of the church. Paul’s concern is not merely for doctrinal purity but also for the relational harmony that is essential for a thriving Christian community.

In verse 18, Paul provides a rationale for this separation: "For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites." The phrase "their own appetites" (Greek: "koilia") literally means "their own belly" and symbolizes self-indulgence and selfish desires. These individuals are motivated by personal gain rather than a genuine commitment to Christ. Their actions are driven by self-interest, whether it be the pursuit of power, prestige, or material benefits.

Paul further describes their tactics: "By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people." The use of "smooth talk" (Greek: "chrestologia") and "flattery" (Greek: "eulogia") indicates a manipulative and deceitful approach. These individuals use persuasive and charming speech to mislead others, particularly those who are naive or unsuspecting. The term "naive" (Greek: "akakoi") suggests innocence or lack of discernment. Paul is concerned for the spiritual well-being of these vulnerable members of the community and warns against the deceptive influence of divisive individuals.

The broader context of Romans 16 reveals Paul's deep affection and concern for the Roman Christians. He concludes his letter with personal greetings to various individuals, highlighting the importance of relationships and community. His warning against those who cause divisions is part of his overall pastoral care, aimed at fostering a healthy and united church.

Paul's teaching in Romans 16:17-18 has several implications for contemporary Christian communities. First, it underscores the importance of vigilance and discernment in maintaining the unity of the church. Believers are called to be watchful and discerning, recognizing that divisions can arise from both external influences and internal conflicts. This requires a commitment to sound teaching and a willingness to address issues that threaten the unity of the community.

Second, Paul's instruction to "keep away from them" highlights the need for boundaries within the church. While the goal is always reconciliation and restoration, there are times when separation is necessary to protect the integrity of the faith community. This is not about exclusion or judgment but about safeguarding the spiritual health of the church. It requires wisdom and pastoral sensitivity to navigate these situations with grace and truth.

Third, Paul's emphasis on the motives and tactics of divisive individuals reminds us of the importance of character and integrity in leadership. Those who serve in positions of influence within the church must be motivated by a genuine love for Christ and a commitment to the well-being of the community. They must avoid manipulative tactics and seek to build up the body of Christ through humble and faithful service.

Finally, Paul's concern for the "naive" or vulnerable members of the community calls for a pastoral approach that is attentive to the needs of all members. The church must be a place where individuals are nurtured, protected, and equipped to grow in their faith. This involves teaching sound doctrine, fostering healthy relationships, and providing support and care for those who may be susceptible to deception.

In conclusion, Romans 16:17-18 offers a profound and practical teaching on the importance of avoiding those who cause divisions within the church. Paul's counsel reflects his deep pastoral concern for the unity and purity of the Christian community. It calls for vigilance, discernment, and a commitment to sound teaching, as well as a pastoral approach that seeks to protect and nurture the faith of all members. By heeding Paul's admonition, contemporary Christian communities can cultivate an environment of unity, integrity, and spiritual growth.