The Book of Ruth is a remarkable narrative nestled within the Historical Books of the Old Testament. It offers a profound exploration of themes such as loyalty, providence, and redemption. While it is a relatively short book, its depth and significance are immense, weaving together personal stories with divine purpose. The main message of the Book of Ruth can be understood through its exploration of God's providence, the virtue of loyalty, and the foreshadowing of redemption through Jesus Christ.
At its core, the Book of Ruth is a story of loyalty and love. Ruth, a Moabite woman, demonstrates extraordinary loyalty to her mother-in-law, Naomi. After the death of their husbands, Naomi urges Ruth to return to her own people and gods, but Ruth famously replies, "Do not urge me to leave you or to return from following you. For where you go I will go, and where you lodge I will lodge. Your people shall be my people, and your God my God" (Ruth 1:16, ESV). This declaration of loyalty is not just to Naomi but also to the God of Israel, signifying Ruth's conversion and commitment to the faith of her adopted family.
Ruth's loyalty is further demonstrated through her actions. She leaves her homeland and everything familiar to her to accompany Naomi back to Bethlehem. There, Ruth works tirelessly to provide for Naomi, gleaning in the fields of Boaz, a relative of Naomi's late husband. Boaz, recognizing Ruth's loyalty and hard work, shows her kindness and protection. This mutual respect and kindness between Ruth and Boaz eventually lead to their marriage, which is a pivotal moment in the narrative.
The theme of God's providence is intricately woven throughout the story. Naomi begins the narrative in despair, feeling abandoned by God. She even changes her name to Mara, meaning "bitter," saying, "The Almighty has dealt very bitterly with me" (Ruth 1:20, ESV). However, as the story unfolds, it becomes clear that God is at work behind the scenes, orchestrating events for a greater purpose. Ruth's decision to stay with Naomi, her chance meeting with Boaz, and Boaz's role as a kinsman-redeemer are all part of God's providential plan.
The concept of the kinsman-redeemer is central to the Book of Ruth and foreshadows the ultimate redemption through Jesus Christ. In ancient Israel, a kinsman-redeemer was a close relative who had the responsibility to redeem a family member in serious difficulty, whether by buying back land that had been sold or marrying a widow to preserve the family line. Boaz acts as a kinsman-redeemer for Ruth and Naomi, ensuring their security and continuing the family line of Elimelech, Naomi's late husband. This act of redemption not only secures Ruth and Naomi's future but also places Ruth in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. Matthew 1:5-6 records, "Boaz the father of Obed by Ruth, and Obed the father of Jesse, and Jesse the father of David the king" (ESV). Ruth, a Moabite woman, becomes the great-grandmother of King David and an ancestor of Jesus Christ, highlighting God's inclusive plan of salvation for all people.
The Book of Ruth also emphasizes the importance of kindness and generosity. Boaz's kindness to Ruth, allowing her to glean in his fields and ensuring her protection, reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor. His actions go beyond the letter of the law, demonstrating a spirit of generosity and compassion. This kindness is reciprocated by Ruth in her loyalty to Naomi and her hard work in the fields. The narrative suggests that kindness and loyalty are rewarded, not just in material terms but in the fulfillment of God's greater plan.
Moreover, the Book of Ruth challenges societal norms and prejudices. Ruth, as a Moabite, would have been considered an outsider and looked down upon by the Israelites. However, her inclusion in the community and her role in God's plan demonstrate that God's love and redemption extend beyond ethnic and cultural boundaries. This is a powerful message of inclusivity and grace, reminding us that God's kingdom is open to all who seek Him.
In addition to these themes, the Book of Ruth also offers a model of virtuous living. Ruth's character is marked by humility, hard work, and faithfulness. Boaz is depicted as a man of integrity, generosity, and respect. Naomi, despite her initial bitterness, shows resilience and wisdom. These characters serve as examples of how to live faithfully and righteously, even in difficult circumstances.
The narrative structure of the Book of Ruth is also significant. It begins with tragedy and loss but ends with joy and restoration. This progression mirrors the journey of faith, where suffering and hardship are often followed by redemption and hope. The birth of Obed, Ruth and Boaz's son, is a symbol of new beginnings and God's faithfulness. Naomi, who once felt abandoned by God, now holds her grandson in her arms, a tangible reminder of God's provision and blessing.
In conclusion, the main message of the Book of Ruth is multifaceted, encompassing themes of loyalty, providence, and redemption. It tells a story of how God works through ordinary people and events to accomplish His divine purposes. Ruth's loyalty to Naomi, Boaz's role as a kinsman-redeemer, and the overarching theme of God's providence all point to the greater story of redemption through Jesus Christ. The Book of Ruth reminds us that no one is beyond the reach of God's grace and that He is always at work, even in the most challenging circumstances. It is a story of hope, faith, and the transformative power of God's love.
