Who was King David's father?

King David, one of the most prominent and significant figures in the history of Israel, is often remembered for his extraordinary faith, his poetic contributions to the Book of Psalms, and his pivotal role as the second king of Israel. However, understanding the roots of David's story requires us to look at his family background, particularly his father, Jesse.

Jesse, the father of David, is a figure who, though not as prominently featured as his son, plays a crucial role in the narrative of the Old Testament. The story of Jesse and his family is primarily found in the book of 1 Samuel, specifically in chapters 16 and 17. Jesse was an Ephrathite from Bethlehem in Judah, and his lineage is significant, tracing back to Boaz and Ruth, a Moabite woman whose story is beautifully told in the Book of Ruth.

In 1 Samuel 16, we are introduced to Jesse in the context of God's rejection of Saul as king and His subsequent choice of David. God instructs the prophet Samuel to go to Bethlehem and anoint one of Jesse's sons as the new king. This moment is pivotal, as it sets the stage for David's rise to prominence.

"The Lord said to Samuel, 'How long will you mourn for Saul, since I have rejected him as king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and be on your way; I am sending you to Jesse of Bethlehem. I have chosen one of his sons to be king.'" (1 Samuel 16:1, NIV)

Jesse is portrayed as a man of considerable standing in Bethlehem, with eight sons. When Samuel arrives to anoint the new king, Jesse presents his sons to Samuel, starting with the eldest, Eliab. Each of Jesse's sons passes before Samuel, but God does not choose any of them. This process highlights a critical biblical theme: God's criteria for leadership and worthiness differ from human expectations.

"But the Lord said to Samuel, 'Do not consider his appearance or his height, for I have rejected him. The Lord does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.'" (1 Samuel 16:7, NIV)

After seven of Jesse's sons are presented, Samuel inquires if there are any more. Jesse then mentions his youngest son, David, who is tending the sheep. This detail underscores David's humble beginnings and his role as a shepherd, a motif that recurs throughout his life and reign.

"So he asked Jesse, 'Are these all the sons you have?' 'There is still the youngest,' Jesse answered. 'He is tending the sheep.' Samuel said, 'Send for him; we will not sit down until he arrives.'" (1 Samuel 16:11, NIV)

When David is brought before Samuel, God confirms His choice, and Samuel anoints David in the presence of his brothers. This anointing signifies God's selection of David as the future king of Israel, a decision based on David's heart and character rather than his outward appearance or status.

Jesse's role as David's father is further highlighted in 1 Samuel 17, during the famous encounter between David and Goliath. Jesse, concerned for the well-being of his three eldest sons who are serving in Saul's army, sends David to the battlefield with provisions and to bring back news.

"Now Jesse said to his son David, 'Take this ephah of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance from them.'" (1 Samuel 17:17-18, NIV)

This act of sending David to the battlefield, though seemingly mundane, positions David to hear Goliath's challenge and ultimately leads to his victory over the Philistine giant. Jesse's concern for his sons and his instructions to David inadvertently set the stage for one of the most iconic moments in biblical history.

Beyond these narratives, Jesse is mentioned in genealogical records, emphasizing his importance in the lineage of David and, ultimately, Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, Jesse is referenced in the genealogies of Jesus in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, underscoring the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies.

"Jesse the father of King David. David was the father of Solomon, whose mother had been Uriah’s wife." (Matthew 1:6, NIV)

"the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon, the son of Amminadab, the son of Ram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor," (Luke 3:32-34, NIV)

Jesse's significance is also prophetically acknowledged in the Book of Isaiah, where the "stump of Jesse" is mentioned in the context of the Messianic hope.

"A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a Branch will bear fruit. The Spirit of the Lord will rest on him—the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and of might, the Spirit of the knowledge and fear of the Lord." (Isaiah 11:1-2, NIV)

This prophecy points to the coming of the Messiah, who would arise from Jesse's lineage, fulfilling God's promise to David and establishing an eternal kingdom. This connection between Jesse and the Messianic prophecy underscores the enduring significance of Jesse's role in God's redemptive plan.

In summary, Jesse, the father of King David, is a figure whose significance extends beyond his immediate family. His lineage, his role in David's anointing, and his mention in Messianic prophecies highlight his importance in the biblical narrative. Jesse's story reminds us of God's sovereign choice and the unexpected ways in which He fulfills His purposes. Through Jesse, we see the unfolding of God's plan for Israel and the world, culminating in the coming of Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of the promises made to David and his descendants.