What does Leviticus 19:28 say about tattoos?

Leviticus 19:28 is a verse that is often cited in discussions about tattoos within Christian communities. The verse states: "You shall not make any cuts on your body for the dead or tattoo yourselves: I am the Lord" (ESV). To understand this verse fully, it is important to consider its context within the book of Leviticus and the broader biblical narrative.

Leviticus is the third book of the Pentateuch, traditionally attributed to Moses. It serves as a manual for the Israelites, detailing laws and rituals that would help them live holy lives in accordance with God's will. The central theme of Leviticus is holiness, as reflected in the recurring phrase, "Be holy, for I am holy" (Leviticus 11:44-45). The book is divided into sections that cover various aspects of religious and moral life, including sacrifices, priestly duties, and ethical behavior.

Leviticus 19 is part of what is known as the Holiness Code, a collection of laws found in chapters 17-26 that emphasize the importance of Israel being distinct from other nations. This chapter contains a variety of ethical and ritual instructions aimed at fostering a community that reflects God's holiness. Within this context, Leviticus 19:28 addresses practices that were common in the surrounding pagan cultures.

In ancient Near Eastern societies, it was not uncommon for people to engage in body modifications, including cutting and tattooing, as part of mourning rituals or religious ceremonies. These practices were often associated with idol worship and the veneration of the dead. By prohibiting these actions, God was setting the Israelites apart from their neighbors and discouraging any association with pagan rites.

The prohibition against tattoos in Leviticus 19:28, therefore, must be understood in light of its historical and cultural context. It was a specific injunction aimed at preventing the Israelites from adopting practices that were contrary to their identity as God's chosen people. The underlying principle is one of separation and holiness, a theme that runs throughout the book of Leviticus.

However, when interpreting and applying Old Testament laws to contemporary Christian life, it is crucial to consider the teachings of the New Testament. Jesus Christ fulfilled the Mosaic Law, and His life and teachings provide a new framework for understanding and living out God's will. The Apostle Paul, for example, emphasizes that Christians are no longer under the law but under grace (Romans 6:14). This does not mean that the moral principles of the Old Testament are irrelevant, but rather that they must be understood through the lens of Christ's redemptive work.

In the New Testament, there is no explicit commandment regarding tattoos. The focus shifts from external rituals to the transformation of the heart and mind. Paul writes in Romans 12:1-2: "I appeal to you therefore, brothers, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that by testing you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and acceptable and perfect."

From a non-denominational Christian perspective, the question of whether or not to get a tattoo should be approached with careful consideration of one's motives and the potential impact on one's witness as a follower of Christ. While the specific cultural and religious context of Leviticus 19:28 may not directly apply to modern-day Christians, the principle of honoring God with our bodies remains relevant.

In 1 Corinthians 6:19-20, Paul reminds believers: "Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body." This passage underscores the importance of treating our bodies with respect and using them in ways that glorify God.

Christians are called to exercise wisdom and discernment in all areas of life, including decisions about body art. It is essential to consider whether getting a tattoo aligns with one's personal convictions and whether it will edify others and contribute to one's testimony as a believer. For some, tattoos may serve as meaningful expressions of faith, while for others, they may be seen as inconsistent with their understanding of biblical principles.

In addition to personal reflection, it can be helpful to seek counsel from mature Christians and spiritual leaders. Proverbs 11:14 states, "Where there is no guidance, a people falls, but in an abundance of counselors there is safety." Engaging in open and honest conversations with trusted mentors can provide valuable insights and help ensure that one's decision is made with a clear conscience.

Ultimately, the decision to get a tattoo is a matter of Christian liberty. As Paul writes in Romans 14:22-23: "The faith that you have, keep between yourself and God. Blessed is the one who has no reason to pass judgment on himself for what he approves. But whoever has doubts is condemned if he eats, because the eating is not from faith. For whatever does not proceed from faith is sin." This principle can be applied to tattoos as well: if one can get a tattoo in good faith and with a clear conscience before God, then it is permissible. However, if there are doubts or concerns, it is wise to refrain.

In conclusion, Leviticus 19:28 must be understood within its historical and cultural context as part of the Holiness Code aimed at setting the Israelites apart from pagan practices. While the specific prohibition against tattoos may not directly apply to modern Christians, the underlying principle of living a life that honors God remains relevant. Decisions about tattoos should be made with careful consideration, seeking to glorify God and maintain a clear conscience. By doing so, believers can navigate this issue with wisdom and faithfulness to their calling as followers of Christ.