What is the biblical definition of supplication?

In the rich tapestry of Christian spiritual practices, prayer stands out as a profound means of communication with God. Within the broader concept of prayer, supplication holds a unique and significant place. To understand the biblical definition of supplication, it is essential to delve into the Scriptures, explore the original language, and consider the context in which this term is used.

The word "supplication" is derived from the Latin term "supplicare," meaning "to plead humbly." In the biblical context, supplication is a form of prayer that involves earnest and humble requests or petitions presented before God. It is characterized by a deep sense of need and reliance on God's grace and mercy. This aspect of prayer is not merely about asking for things; it is a heartfelt expression of dependence on God, often accompanied by a sense of urgency and intensity.

In the Bible, the concept of supplication is frequently mentioned, particularly in the Psalms and the Epistles. One of the most cited verses regarding supplication is Philippians 4:6, which states, "Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God." Here, the Apostle Paul emphasizes the importance of bringing our needs before God with a spirit of thanksgiving, which is an integral part of supplication.

The Greek word used in the New Testament for supplication is "deēsis," which conveys the idea of a request or entreaty made with urgency and fervor. This term is often used interchangeably with "prayer," but it carries a connotation of earnestness and intensity. In Ephesians 6:18, Paul encourages believers to "pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the Lord’s people." The phrase "all kinds of prayers and requests" includes supplications, highlighting the diverse ways in which believers can approach God in prayer.

The Psalms, a collection of prayers and hymns, often reflect the essence of supplication. Psalm 6:9 declares, "The Lord has heard my supplication; the Lord will receive my prayer." This verse illustrates the confidence that comes from knowing that God hears the earnest pleas of His people. The psalmist's use of "supplication" here underscores the personal and intimate nature of such prayers, where the believer lays bare their soul before God.

Supplication is not limited to personal needs; it also encompasses intercession for others. In 1 Timothy 2:1, Paul urges that "supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all people." This verse highlights the communal aspect of supplication, where believers are encouraged to pray not only for their own needs but also for the needs of others, including those in positions of authority and influence.

The biblical narrative provides numerous examples of supplication. One notable instance is found in the story of Hannah in 1 Samuel 1. Desperate for a child, Hannah pours out her heart to the Lord in supplication, weeping bitterly and making a vow to God. Her prayer is a poignant example of supplication, marked by deep emotion and a profound sense of need. Hannah's story illustrates the power of supplication to move the heart of God and bring about transformation in the life of the believer.

Another powerful example is found in the life of Jesus. In the Garden of Gethsemane, as He faced the imminent prospect of crucifixion, Jesus prayed with great intensity and anguish, saying, "My Father, if it is possible, may this cup be taken from me. Yet not as I will, but as you will" (Matthew 26:39). Jesus' prayer in the garden is a profound example of supplication, where He expresses His deep distress and submits to the Father's will. This moment underscores the dual nature of supplication: it is both a plea for help and an act of submission to God's sovereign plan.

The early church also practiced supplication as a vital component of their communal life. Acts 1:14 describes the disciples as being "devoted to prayer, along with the women and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brothers." This devotion to prayer included supplications, as the early believers sought God's guidance and strength in the face of persecution and uncertainty.

Theologically, supplication is rooted in the understanding of God's character as loving, merciful, and attentive to the cries of His people. The very act of supplication acknowledges God's sovereignty and goodness, recognizing that He is both willing and able to respond to the needs of His children. This aspect of prayer reflects a deep trust in God's nature and His promises, as articulated in 1 John 5:14-15: "This is the confidence we have in approaching God: that if we ask anything according to his will, he hears us. And if we know that he hears us—whatever we ask—we know that we have what we asked of him."

In Christian literature, supplication is often discussed as a vital expression of faith and dependence on God. In his classic work "The Practice of the Presence of God," Brother Lawrence emphasizes the importance of continual prayer and supplication, advocating for a life lived in constant awareness of God's presence. Similarly, in "The Complete Works of E.M. Bounds on Prayer," E.M. Bounds explores the power and necessity of fervent prayer, including supplication, as a means of accessing God's grace and power.

In practical terms, supplication can be incorporated into the daily life of a believer through intentional and heartfelt prayer. This may involve setting aside dedicated time for prayer, reflecting on Scripture, and bringing specific needs and concerns before God with humility and sincerity. It may also involve praying for others, interceding on their behalf, and seeking God's intervention in their lives.

In conclusion, the biblical definition of supplication encompasses a heartfelt and earnest plea to God, characterized by humility, urgency, and faith. It is an integral aspect of prayer that reflects a deep dependence on God's grace and mercy. Through supplication, believers are invited to bring their needs and the needs of others before God, trusting in His goodness and sovereignty. As we engage in this sacred practice, we are reminded of the profound truth that God hears and responds to the earnest cries of His people, drawing us closer to Him and aligning our hearts with His divine will.