The Anointing of the Sick, also known historically as Extreme Unction or Last Rites, is a sacrament that is deeply rooted in the Christian tradition. It is a ritual of healing appropriate not only for physical but also for mental and spiritual sickness. This sacrament offers grace and comfort to the afflicted by the power of the Holy Spirit through the ministry of the Church. Understanding who is eligible to receive this sacrament involves exploring its biblical foundations, theological significance, and pastoral applications.
Biblical Foundations
The scriptural basis for the Anointing of the Sick is found primarily in the New Testament. James 5:14-15 says, “Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise them up. If they have sinned, they will be forgiven.” This passage not only instructs the early Christian community on how to care for the sick but also ties the practice to the forgiveness of sins and spiritual restoration.
Theological Significance
From a theological perspective, the Anointing of the Sick is understood as a sacrament of healing. It is not solely about physical healing, but also about the healing of the whole person. This includes the possibility of psychological and spiritual healing, and in cases where death is imminent, preparation for passing into eternal life. The sacrament is a visible sign of God’s invisible grace, conveyed through the anointing with oil and the prayers of the minister. It reaffirms the Christian belief in God's sovereignty over life and death, as well as His compassion and desire to grant comfort and healing.
Eligibility for the Sacrament
1. Serious Illness or Condition
Traditionally, the Anointing of the Sick was often reserved for those at the point of death. However, the Second Vatican Council clarified and broadened the understanding and administration of this sacrament. It is now encouraged for anyone facing serious illness, not just those who are dying. Serious illness can be broadly understood and includes major surgeries, chronic diseases, acute conditions, or even mental illnesses that seriously impair a person's normal functioning.
2. Old Age
The elderly, even if not afflicted by any specific ailment, may receive the Anointing of the Sick. In old age, the frailty and struggles inherent to this stage of life are recognized as sufficient reasons for the administration of the sacrament. It serves as a comfort and spiritual support, enhancing the elderly person’s connection with God in their later years.
3. Terminal Illness and Those Nearing Death
Those who are terminally ill or nearing the end of their life due to age or sickness are also prime recipients of this sacrament. In these circumstances, the Anointing of the Sick serves a dual role: it provides healing and peace, and also prepares the soul for its journey to meet God, offering reassurance of His mercy and the hope of eternal life.
4. Repeated Reception
Individuals can receive this sacrament more than once. If a sick person recovers after being anointed and later falls ill again, or if during the same illness the person's condition becomes more serious, the sacrament may be repeated. Continuous engagement with this sacrament is seen as a means of spiritual sustenance and grace.
Pastoral Applications
In pastoral practice, the administration of the Anointing of the Sick should be sensitive and adaptive to the needs of the individual. It is a profound encounter with God’s mercy through the ministry of the Church and should be approached with reverence and faith. The sacrament can be administered in various settings: homes, hospitals, during Mass, or in other church gatherings, reflecting the community’s shared concern for its members in their time of need.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Anointing of the Sick is a sacrament of deep compassion and divine grace, designed to bring spiritual, and sometimes physical, healing to those who are seriously ill, suffering from significant aging issues, or nearing the end of their earthly life. It underscores the Christian commitment to bear one another's burdens and to seek God’s intervention in our lives. The Church, acting in Jesus' name, extends this healing to all who are in significant need, showing that God’s love and care know no bounds.
