Who named Jesus and why was this name chosen?

In the tapestry of Christian theology, the name of Jesus holds profound significance, not only for its spiritual implications but also for its historical roots and divine purpose. The naming of Jesus is an event intricately woven into the narrative of his birth, and it carries a weight of meaning that resonates throughout the Christian faith. To understand who named Jesus and why this name was chosen, we must delve into the biblical accounts and the theological reflections that surround this pivotal moment.

The primary sources for the naming of Jesus are found in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Both accounts highlight the divine orchestration behind the naming, emphasizing that Jesus' name was not a mere human decision but a declaration of his heavenly mission.

In the Gospel of Matthew, the angel of the Lord appears to Joseph in a dream, instructing him about the birth of Jesus. Matthew 1:20-21 records the angel's words: "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins." Here, the angel directly commands Joseph to name the child Jesus. The reason for this name is explicitly stated: "because he will save his people from their sins."

The name "Jesus" is the English transliteration of the Greek name "Iēsous," which itself is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua" or "Yehoshua." This name means "Yahweh is salvation" or "Yahweh saves." The choice of this name is deeply significant, as it encapsulates Jesus' mission and identity as the Savior. In the Jewish tradition, names were often symbolic, reflecting a person's character or destiny. By naming the child Jesus, the angel conveyed the divine purpose for which Jesus was sent into the world.

Luke's Gospel provides another perspective on the naming of Jesus. In Luke 1:26-31, the angel Gabriel visits Mary to announce the miraculous conception of Jesus. Gabriel tells Mary, "You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus." Similar to the account in Matthew, the naming of Jesus is presented as a divine directive. Gabriel's announcement underscores the heavenly origin and authority behind the name, reinforcing the theme that Jesus is the long-awaited Messiah who comes to fulfill God's redemptive plan.

The significance of the name Jesus is further illuminated by its connection to the Old Testament. The name "Yeshua" is a variant of "Joshua," a prominent figure in the Hebrew Scriptures. Joshua, the successor of Moses, led the Israelites into the Promised Land, symbolizing deliverance and fulfillment of God's promises. In a similar vein, Jesus is seen as the one who leads humanity into the ultimate promised land, the kingdom of God, through salvation from sin and death.

Theologically, the naming of Jesus is a profound affirmation of his identity as the incarnate Word of God. The Gospel of John opens with the declaration that "the Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us" (John 1:14). This Word, who is with God and is God, takes on human form and is given the name Jesus, marking the intersection of divine and human realities. The name signifies not only Jesus' role as Savior but also his intimate connection with humanity, as he shares in our experiences and redeems them through his life, death, and resurrection.

Beyond the biblical narrative, Christian tradition has long reflected on the significance of Jesus' name. Early Church Fathers, such as Ignatius of Antioch and Justin Martyr, emphasized the salvific power inherent in the name of Jesus. Ignatius, in his letter to the Ephesians, wrote of the "sweetness" of the name of Jesus, acknowledging its power to unite believers in faith and love. Justin Martyr, in his "Dialogue with Trypho," argued that the name of Jesus fulfills the prophecies of the Old Testament, establishing Jesus as the true Messiah.

The Apostle Paul also recognized the power and authority of Jesus' name. In Philippians 2:9-11, he writes: "Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." This passage highlights the exaltation of Jesus' name, signifying his lordship and the universal recognition of his divine authority.

The name of Jesus is a central element of Christian worship and prayer. Throughout history, Christians have invoked the name of Jesus in prayer, believing in its power to heal, protect, and bring peace. The "Jesus Prayer," a simple yet profound invocation, has been a staple of Christian spirituality, particularly in the Eastern Orthodox tradition: "Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner." This prayer reflects the deep reverence and trust that Christians place in the name of Jesus.

In summary, the naming of Jesus is a divinely orchestrated event that reveals the profound purpose and mission of the Son of God. The name "Jesus," meaning "Yahweh saves," encapsulates the essence of his incarnation and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Through the angelic announcements to Joseph and Mary, God declares Jesus' identity as the Savior who delivers humanity from sin. The name of Jesus carries with it a rich theological heritage, celebrated and revered throughout the history of the Church. It is a name that speaks of salvation, authority, and hope, inviting all who hear it to recognize and embrace the transformative power of the one who bears it.