Why do humans still suffer if Jesus died for our sins?

The question of why humans continue to suffer despite Jesus' sacrificial death is a profound and complex one that has puzzled theologians, scholars, and believers for centuries. To delve into this, we must consider the nature of sin, the purpose of suffering, and the redemptive work of Jesus Christ from a holistic biblical perspective.

Firstly, it's essential to understand the nature of sin and its consequences. According to the Bible, sin entered the world through Adam and Eve's disobedience in the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3). This original sin brought about a fractured relationship between humanity and God, introducing suffering, pain, and death into the human experience. Romans 5:12 explains, "Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned."

Jesus Christ's death on the cross was the ultimate atonement for sin. His sacrifice was a redemptive act meant to restore humanity's broken relationship with God. As stated in 1 Peter 2:24, "He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed." However, the atonement of Jesus does not immediately eradicate the presence of sin and suffering in the world. Rather, it offers a path to reconciliation with God and the promise of eternal life.

The continued existence of suffering can be understood through several key theological concepts, including the already-but-not-yet nature of God's Kingdom, the role of free will, and the purpose of suffering in the Christian life.

The "already-but-not-yet" concept is critical in understanding the current state of the world. While Jesus' death and resurrection inaugurated the Kingdom of God, it is not yet fully realized. We live in an interim period where the power of sin and death has been defeated, but the full manifestation of God's Kingdom is still to come. This is evident in passages like Romans 8:22-23, where Paul writes, "We know that the whole creation has been groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption to sonship, the redemption of our bodies."

The role of free will also plays a significant part in the continued existence of suffering. God created humans with the ability to choose, and this freedom is integral to genuine love and relationship. However, free will also allows for the possibility of choosing against God's will, resulting in sin and its consequent suffering. The presence of free will means that human actions can still lead to pain and suffering, even though Jesus has provided a way to overcome sin.

Furthermore, suffering has a purpose in the Christian life. The New Testament repeatedly emphasizes that suffering can lead to spiritual growth and maturity. James 1:2-4 encourages believers, "Consider it pure joy, my brothers and sisters, whenever you face trials of many kinds, because you know that the testing of your faith produces perseverance. Let perseverance finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything." Similarly, Romans 5:3-5 states, "Not only so, but we also glory in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope. And hope does not put us to shame, because God’s love has been poured out into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, who has been given to us."

In addition to personal growth, suffering can also serve as a means of participating in Christ's sufferings. Philippians 3:10 expresses this sentiment: "I want to know Christ—yes, to know the power of his resurrection and participation in his sufferings, becoming like him in his death." Through suffering, believers can develop a deeper connection with Jesus, who endured the ultimate suffering on the cross.

Moreover, suffering can be a powerful testimony to others. The way Christians respond to suffering can demonstrate the hope and strength found in Christ, potentially drawing others to faith. 2 Corinthians 1:3-4 highlights this aspect: "Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God."

It's also important to recognize that God's ways and purposes are often beyond human understanding. Isaiah 55:8-9 reminds us, "'For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,' declares the Lord. 'As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.'" While we may not always comprehend why suffering occurs, we can trust in God's sovereignty and goodness.

The presence of suffering in the world does not negate the efficacy of Jesus' sacrifice. Instead, it points to a larger narrative of redemption that is still unfolding. Revelation 21:4 offers a glimpse of the future hope: "He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away." This promise assures believers that a time is coming when suffering will be no more, and God's Kingdom will be fully realized.

In summary, humans continue to suffer despite Jesus' death for our sins because we live in a world that is still affected by the consequences of sin. The already-but-not-yet nature of God's Kingdom, the role of free will, and the purpose of suffering in shaping and refining our faith all contribute to the ongoing presence of suffering. However, Jesus' sacrifice provides the foundation for hope, redemption, and the ultimate eradication of suffering in the fullness of God's Kingdom. As believers, we are called to trust in God's plan, grow through our trials, and hold onto the promise of a future where suffering will be no more.