Why is Jesus referred to as 'Jesus Christ'?

The designation "Jesus Christ" is a profound and significant title that encapsulates the essence of Christian belief and theology. To understand why Jesus is referred to as "Jesus Christ," we must delve into the meanings of the individual components of this title and their theological implications. This exploration will encompass historical, linguistic, and doctrinal perspectives, providing a comprehensive understanding of this central tenet of Christian faith.

The Name "Jesus"

The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua" (יֵשׁוּעַ), which means "Yahweh is salvation" or "The Lord saves." This name was not uncommon in first-century Judea, as it reflected the Jewish people's longing for divine deliverance. The angel's announcement to Joseph in Matthew 1:21 underscores its significance: "She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins." Here, the name "Jesus" is directly linked to His mission of salvation, a mission that is central to Christian theology.

The name signifies more than a mere label; it embodies the purpose and promise of Jesus' life and ministry. It is a declaration of His role as the Savior, fulfilling the prophecies of the Old Testament that spoke of a Messiah who would deliver God's people. In Isaiah 7:14, the prophet foretold, "Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign: The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and will call him Immanuel." The name "Immanuel," meaning "God with us," further emphasizes the divine nature and mission of Jesus.

The Title "Christ"

The term "Christ" is derived from the Greek word "Christos" (Χριστός), which translates the Hebrew "Mashiach" (מָשִׁיחַ), meaning "anointed one." In ancient Israel, anointing with oil was a ritual act signifying the consecration of individuals to specific roles, such as kings, priests, and prophets. Thus, "Christ" is not a surname but a title that signifies Jesus as the Anointed One, chosen by God for a unique and holy purpose.

Throughout the Old Testament, the concept of anointing is associated with God's chosen leaders. For instance, David was anointed by Samuel to be king over Israel (1 Samuel 16:13). The anointing symbolized God's empowerment and blessing for the task ahead. In the same way, Jesus, as the Christ, is anointed by God to fulfill the roles of prophet, priest, and king. This tri-fold office is central to understanding His work and significance.

• Prophet: As a prophet, Jesus reveals God to humanity. He is the Word made flesh (John 1:14), the ultimate revelation of God's character and will. His teachings, parables, and actions convey divine truth and wisdom, guiding humanity toward righteousness.

• Priest: In His priestly role, Jesus mediates between God and humanity. Unlike the priests of the Old Testament who offered sacrifices for sin, Jesus offers Himself as the perfect and final sacrifice (Hebrews 10:10). His death and resurrection bridge the gap between a holy God and sinful humanity, offering reconciliation and redemption.

• King: Jesus as king signifies His sovereign rule over all creation. His kingdom is not of this world (John 18:36), but it is a kingdom characterized by justice, peace, and love. As the King of kings, He exercises authority with compassion and righteousness, ultimately bringing about the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

Theological Implications

The combination of "Jesus" and "Christ" encapsulates the dual nature of Jesus as both fully human and fully divine. This is a cornerstone of Christology, the branch of theology that explores the person and work of Jesus Christ. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 AD affirmed this understanding, declaring that Jesus is "truly God and truly man," possessing two natures united in one person.

This dual nature is essential for the efficacy of Jesus' work of salvation. As a human, He fully identifies with our condition, experiencing temptation, suffering, and death. Yet, as divine, He possesses the power and authority to conquer sin and death, offering eternal life to all who believe in Him. Hebrews 4:15 emphasizes this truth: "For we do not have a high priest who is unable to empathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet he did not sin."

Historical and Cultural Context

Understanding why Jesus is called "Jesus Christ" also requires a look at the historical and cultural context of the first-century Mediterranean world. The expectation of a Messiah, or Christ, was deeply rooted in Jewish eschatology. The Jewish people anticipated a deliverer who would restore Israel's fortunes and establish God's kingdom on earth. This expectation was shaped by prophetic writings and historical experiences of oppression and exile.

In this context, Jesus' claim to be the Christ was both revolutionary and controversial. Many expected a political or military leader who would overthrow Roman rule. Instead, Jesus proclaimed a kingdom that transcended earthly politics, emphasizing repentance, love, and spiritual renewal. His crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension redefined messianic expectations, revealing a Messiah who conquers through sacrifice and service.

The Confession of Faith

The confession of Jesus as the Christ is central to Christian faith and identity. Peter's declaration in Matthew 16:16, "You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God," is a pivotal moment in the Gospels. It signifies the disciples' recognition of Jesus' true identity and mission. This confession became the foundation of the early church's proclamation and remains a core tenet of Christian belief.

The Apostle Paul, in his epistles, frequently refers to Jesus as "Christ," emphasizing the transformative power of His life, death, and resurrection. In Philippians 2:9-11, Paul writes, "Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." This exaltation affirms Jesus' divine authority and the universal scope of His reign.

Conclusion

The title "Jesus Christ" is not merely a name but a profound theological statement that encapsulates the Christian understanding of who Jesus is and what He has accomplished. "Jesus" signifies His role as Savior, the one who brings salvation to humanity. "Christ" denotes His anointed status, fulfilling the roles of prophet, priest, and king. Together, they affirm His dual nature as fully human and fully divine, His fulfillment of messianic prophecies, and His central place in the Christian confession of faith.

In calling Him "Jesus Christ," Christians acknowledge the depth and breadth of His mission and identity, celebrating the mystery of God incarnate who dwells among us, redeems us, and reigns over us. This title invites believers to a deeper understanding and relationship with the one who is both our Savior and Lord, the anointed King who brings God's kingdom to fruition.