The Church, as described in the New Testament, is not merely a building or a weekly gathering but the collective body of believers in Jesus Christ, spanning across the globe and throughout history. It is both a spiritual entity and a community of faith, characterized by profound attributes that shape its identity and mission. These attributes include unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity, as traditionally affirmed in the Nicene Creed. Understanding these characteristics provides significant implications for its members, influencing how they live, interact, and fulfill their calling within the Church and the wider world.
Unity
The attribute of unity is foundational to the Church's identity. Ephesians 4:3-6 urges believers to "make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace," highlighting one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, and one God. This unity is not based on uniformity in external practices or opinions but on a shared faith in Christ and commitment to the gospel. For members of the Church, this implies a call to relational harmony and collective mission. It challenges individualism and sectarianism, encouraging believers to view themselves as integral parts of a whole. This unity is manifest in love, service, and mutual edification, reflecting Jesus’ prayer in John 17:21 that all believers may be one, just as He is one with the Father.
Holiness
Holiness, as an attribute of the Church, refers to being set apart for God’s purposes. It is derived from the Greek word hagios, meaning "sacred," "consecrated," or "set apart." 1 Peter 2:9 describes the Church as "a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, God’s own people," emphasizing the distinctiveness of its calling. The implication for members is a life of moral and spiritual purity, as they are called to reflect the character of God in the world. This does not imply perfection but a heartfelt pursuit of godliness, repentance, and transformation through the Holy Spirit. Holiness affects personal behavior, ethical decisions, and communal life, aiming not only for personal piety but also for societal justice and righteousness.
Catholicity
Catholicity, from the Greek katholikos, meaning "universal" or "according to the whole," refers to the universality of the Church. It transcends local congregations and denominational lines, encompassing all who confess Jesus Christ as Lord, regardless of geographic, ethnic, or social distinctions. For church members, this attribute has profound implications for how they view other believers and practice their faith. It calls for an inclusive approach that values diversity within the body of Christ and resists any form of exclusivity or elitism. Members are encouraged to foster relationships with believers from different traditions, cultures, and backgrounds, reflecting the comprehensive reach of the gospel.
Apostolicity
The Church is apostolic in that it is founded on the teachings of the apostles, those eyewitnesses who were directly commissioned by Christ (Ephesians 2:20). This attribute underscores the importance of doctrinal fidelity and continuity with the historical Christian faith. For members, it means adhering to the core tenets of Christianity as articulated by the apostles and preserved in Scripture. It also involves a commitment to the mission entrusted by Christ to His apostles, which includes evangelism, discipleship, and the administration of the sacraments. Members are thus bearers of an ancient faith, called to both preserve and proclaim it in their contemporary contexts.
Practical Implications
Understanding these attributes and their implications profoundly affects how members engage with the Church and the world. Unity calls for collaborative and reconciliatory attitudes, overcoming divisions and working together for common goals. Holiness inspires a lifestyle that honors God, influencing choices and behaviors in everyday life. Catholicity broadens perspectives, fostering a sense of global brotherhood and cooperation across cultural lines. Apostolicity anchors the faith in the truth of the gospel, promoting sound teaching and faithful witness.
Moreover, these attributes challenge members to think beyond individualistic spirituality to embrace a communal and missional view of faith. They are not merely passive participants but active contributors to the life and health of the Church. Each member plays a part in manifesting the Church’s attributes through spiritual gifts, service, and leadership, contributing to the Church's mission in the world.
In conclusion, the attributes of the Church are not abstract theological concepts but dynamic realities that shape the life and mission of every believer. By embracing these attributes, Church members are equipped to live out their faith authentically and powerfully, making a transformative impact on the world around them. Thus, the Church remains a beacon of hope, a sign of the kingdom of God in the midst of a broken world, and a testament to the enduring truth and power of the gospel.
