What is the difference between baptism and confirmation?

In the life of a Christian, certain sacred practices mark significant milestones in one’s spiritual journey. Among these practices, baptism and confirmation stand out as crucial rites that signify different aspects of Christian faith and commitment. Although both are sacraments in many Christian denominations, they serve distinct purposes and are accompanied by different theological implications.

The Sacrament of Baptism

Baptism is often considered the initial step in the journey of faith. It is a rite of initiation into the Christian community and is closely linked with the forgiveness of sins and the new life that followers of Jesus Christ are called to live. According to the New Testament, baptism is directly instituted by Christ. In Matthew 28:19, Jesus commands His disciples, saying, “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.” This directive underscores the importance of baptism as an essential element of Christian discipleship and community.

Baptism involves the use of water as a symbolic act of purification and renewal. The person being baptized is either immersed in water or has water sprinkled or poured over them. This act symbolizes the washing away of the old, sinful nature and rebirth into a new life in Christ. Romans 6:4 eloquently captures this transformation: “We were buried therefore with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness of life.”

In terms of its significance, baptism is a sacrament of faith that marks the believer’s entry into the universal Church. It is recognized across nearly all Christian denominations and is often performed in infancy or early childhood in many traditions, although some denominations practice believer’s baptism, which occurs when an individual is old enough to consciously decide to follow Christ.

The Sacrament of Confirmation

Confirmation, on the other hand, is a sacrament that deepens one’s baptismal grace. It is often viewed as the strengthening of the Holy Spirit within the individual who has already been baptized. The roots of confirmation can be traced to the Acts of the Apostles. In Acts 8:14-17, after hearing that Samaria had accepted the word of God, the apostles sent Peter and John to them, who then prayed for the new believers to receive the Holy Spirit, as they had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. This laying on of hands by the apostles is seen as the biblical foundation for the sacrament of confirmation.

Theologically, confirmation is often associated with the gifts of the Holy Spirit. In many Christian traditions, it involves a bishop laying hands on the confirmand, praying that they may receive the Holy Spirit fully. The Catechism of the Catholic Church, for instance, describes confirmation as the sacrament which gives the Holy Spirit to root us more deeply in divine filiation, incorporate us more firmly into Christ, strengthen our bond with the Church, associate us more closely with her mission, and help us bear witness to the Christian faith in words accompanied by deeds (CCC 1316).

Confirmation is typically received by older children, teenagers, or adults, depending on the tradition. It is a reaffirmation of faith, a personal commitment to God’s role in one’s life that builds on the spiritual foundation laid by baptism. It is a rite of passage that encourages a deeper, more mature commitment to the teachings of Jesus, empowering individuals to live out their faith actively and publicly.

Distinguishing Between the Two

While baptism and confirmation are interconnected, being distinguished primarily by the stages of Christian life they represent, their theological and practical differences are significant. Baptism is about beginning, the birth into a new life with Christ; it is universally the first sacrament a Christian receives and is foundational for Christian identity. Confirmation, in contrast, is about strengthening and empowerment; it is a continuation and deepening of what was begun at baptism.

Moreover, the administration of these sacraments also differs. Baptism is usually performed by a priest or pastor and can be administered to anyone who has not previously been baptized. Confirmation typically requires a bishop in many traditions, emphasizing the apostolic nature of the sacrament as a continuation of the ministry begun by the apostles.

Reflections for the Faithful

For those walking the path of faith, understanding and experiencing the richness of these sacraments can profoundly shape one’s relationship with God, the Church, and the community of believers. Baptism and confirmation together frame a life-long journey of growth and commitment to Christ. Each sacrament, with its distinct theological emphasis and ritual, works to initiate, strengthen, and send forth the faithful to live out the Gospel in the world.

In conclusion, while both baptism and confirmation are integral to the Christian experience, they cater to different spiritual needs and moments in the believer’s life. Baptism is the sacrament of new birth and entry into God’s covenant community, and confirmation is the sacrament of empowerment by the Holy Spirit to live and witness the faith effectively. Together, they provide a comprehensive framework for Christian initiation and maturity, guiding the believer from spiritual infancy to a robust, active faith life.